By Dan O'Neill, M.D.
Cardiologist

Atrial fibrillation, often called 'afib' or arrhythmia, is an irregularity of the heart's rhythm. This physical condition is the most common health concern diagnosed in the United States. The symptoms are often described as a chaotic rhythm that may or may not be symptomatic (noticed by the person). If someone is symptomatic, he or she may describe it as a rapid or "skipped" heartbeat. Other people describe this sensation as "a turning over" in their chest. Sometimes, these symptoms become more intense and may include chest discomfort, shortness of breath and dizziness. Risk factors for developing atrial fibrillation usually include hypertension, valvular heart disease, thyroid disorders and older age.

If one is experiencing arrhythmia, the course of action is to meet with a cardiologist who would order an electrocardiogram (EKG). Occasionally, a patient may have only sporadic episodes of arrhythmia and continuous monitoring may be required. This is achieved using a Holter monitor that the patient wears for 24 hours, allowing the cardiologist to determine any episodes of an irregular heartbeat.

Once the diagnosis of atrial fibrillation is made, there are many options for treatment. The biggest concern for people with atrial fibrillation is the potential for stroke. This serious complication is caused by the development of blood clots in the chambers of the heart that travel to the brain in the arteries. Prescribing a blood-thinning medication such as coumadin treats the potential complication.

The second concern in treating atrial fibrillation is symptom control. Many patients will be asymptomatic and can "remain" in atrial fibrillation without significant problems as long as a stroke prevention treatment course is followed. Symptomatic patients however, have many options. These include the control of the heart rate and the conversion of the arrhythmia to a normal heart rhythm.

There are many treatments options available to achieve a successful outcome; however, the best course of action is to have a tailored treatment program. I urge you to seek medical attention immediately if you experience rapid heartbeat, chest discomfort, and shortness of breath or dizziness. Although atrial fibrillation is a common health problem and relatively easy to treat, a potentially dangerous heart rhythm can be a risk factor for a future stroke and be life threatening.